Junto Profile: Darren Bourne (aka halF unusuaL)

From Nottingham, England: ignoring dead ends, composing for dance and theater

This Junto Profile is part of an ongoing series of short Q&As that provide some background on various individuals who participate regularly in the online Disquiet Junto music community.

What’s your name? Darren Bourne, halF unusuaL

Where are you located? I’m based in Nottingham, UK, where I was born but moved away soon after, and my formative years were spent on a farm in the Cotswolds until around the age of 5, when the family returned to Nottingham. I’m told I used to sing all the time on the farm, which led to singing in choirs as I grew up. I took up piano and then tuba, which was actually my main instrument until my early 20s, playing in a number of concert bands and small ensembles. 

I spent a number of years in Guildford, Surrey, where I studied on the BMus Hons (Tonmeister) course, after which I landed the job of house engineer at The Lodge Studios in Suffolk — a residential recording facility owned, and often used by, The Enid, who I once played keyboards with at the Hammersmith Odeon — a great experience! I ended up moving to London, working in various studios in the UK and abroad, engineering and programming (using Cubase when it still did only MIDI) on mainly album and singles projects for bands, some of which you may have heard of and some you probably haven’t. 

Eventually I was drawn back to my hometown to take up a more stable role at Nottingham Trent University as a technician in sound, which then led into teaching. I haven’t played tuba for years, but now play bass guitar to satisfy my love of the lower end of the spectrum! I even made my own bass guitar, which you see the head of in the accompanying image.

What is your musical activity? My musical activity goes back as far as I can remember and in many ways revolves around a search for sounds I’ve not heard before — kind of a “lost chord” thing. I remember hearing Rick Wakeman’s Rhapsodies album, which blew me away in terms of pointing to what might be possible with synthesizers and studio wizardry. My own “studio set up” consisted of an old Elgam organ and a little later an Octave Cat monosynth (well, kind of duo-synth), and I teamed up with a guitarist friend to experiment with sound. Later still things “took off” with a Tascam 244 Portastudio, when I could start to create things a little more like the Tangerine Dream, Kraftwerk, Gary Numan, and Japan, etc. I was listening to, by that time — alongside Stockhausen, Varèse, Cage, and Eno, all of whom helped feed my inner philosophico-musical geek!

Still later, my gear list incorporated a Boss DR-110 drum machine and Casio CZ-101 phase distortion multitimbral synth … the sky was (obviously) the limit!

Many years later, I’m still obsessed with creating new sonic spaces, and technology is now available — hardware and software — that makes it a very exciting time to be involved in sound and music making. I like to engage with the Disquiet Junto weekly challenges as often as I can; similarly for the weekly haiku challenge from Naviar Records. I played a set as part of a live gig for Naviar a few years back in London and I tend to work a lot in collaboration, creating sound for other projects. To give a flavour, I’ve most recently been involved in creating the sonic backing for a text-based speech piece and also for a guided meditation for sleep. So, as well as more traditional music creation — and you’ll find various bits out there — some of my work is reasonably hidden.  For example, I’ve created soundscapes for the (very) contemporary Bodies in Flight theatre company and also Sakoba Dance Company as well as various short art film and even commercial video soundtrack work over the years. I tend to get involved with projects that sound like they will be interesting … 

What is one good musical habit? I think my early battles with a very technologically limited setup taught me to see what things were capable of if you push them beyond what they’re supposed to do. For example, I butchered the little spring reverb from the Elgam organ to open up more FX possibilities, much to my parents’ dismay at the time; I think they thought I was going to electrocute myself … and thankfully I managed not to! So, I guess my “good musical habit” is to follow things through: Keep going, even if it feels like a dead end. Blind alleys often seem to open up into cool and unexpected sonic spaces … eventually!

What are your online locations? I spend most of my time on SoundCloud and Bandcamp, but more recently I’ve been playing with visuals and taking a little more interest in YouTube. Please subscribe! ;-) Also Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.

What was a particularly meaningful Junto project? It’s so difficult to choose only one of the Disquiet tracks! Many have something a little special for me; I counted around 150 halF unusuaL Junto tracks to date, but that’s based on a SoundCloud search, so there may well be more … 

One that sticks in my mind is actually a terrible piece of “music” from around four years ago, but it captured a unique moment. It was the 340th brief, which was to “record a piece of music entirely on the go.” I happened to be at the coast that weekend, so I decided to record some sea sounds and just left my recorder going as I walked along the beach … At one point I needed to take a leak (!), so I found a secluded sand dune to do so. Suddenly, a little furry animal appeared out of nowhere, presumably to see what all the running water noise was about! I think we were as surprised as each other … It was a perfect “haiku moment” — and what’s more, captured in sound on the recorder, so that became the contribution to that week’s brief as it was. At the time, I really liked that it took so little “effort” but a whole tonne of coincidence to manifest. At around 30 seconds you can just hear my surprised, “Woah, what are you?!” above the noise of the sea, etc. It’s always stuck with me as a special moment — I guess you had to be there! 

In working at a school, have you discovered interesting generational differences? There’s a lot to say about this, but very briefly, one key difference is the cognitive “scaffolding” available to different generations. It’s less usual, for example, for colleges to resource explorations in tape editing — I remember having great fun with chinagraph pencils, razor blades, and recordings on tape, and there was something really fascinating and rewarding about engaging with sound (as audio) as a physical medium. That bodily experience enabled a particular way of understanding how sound “works” as well as leading to distinctive creative results. On a similar note, my time working in studios called for knowledge and skill in lining up analogue tape machines as well as often having to work within the limitations of 24 tracks. The need to line up a tape machine is now rare and modern digital systems allow practically limitless tracks, depending on available processing power.

This isn’t necessarily good or bad, it’s just different. It basically means that different generations are thinking sound differently, which leads in different directions.

Do you feel that the music you record for theater and dance is “listenable to” on its own, or does it work almost solely in the context of the intended performance? This is a huge question and, again, I’ll give a couple of headline thoughts. My view is that soundtrack work can stand apart from its intended context but it changes in the process of divorcing it. In my view, all music is “listenable to,” but people can choose not to listen, for very many reasons. The missing piece in any music or sound work is the listener, and it’s pretty much impossible to know how a piece will land when creating it. A theatre or dance piece in some sense reduces that abstraction and lends meaning to the soundtrack — so, whilst the soundtrack often plays a supporting or more subservient role, it’s enabled by the context to play a particular role in the whole. Out of that context, interpretations, opinions and tastes can proliferate again. Hope that makes sense!

Flip (Book) Over This Korg Demo

Beginning with the fundamental

One of the largest if not the largest synthesizer events just wrapped up in Germany. This would be Superbooth 2023, a huge showcase for companies that design and build synthesizer (and related) equipment. As the years have passed, it’s become easier and easier to experience Superbooth from afar (I’ve never been), thanks to the magical portal that is YouTube. I wanted to highlight one piece of gear in particular, and less so the gear than the manner in which it was presented. 

Tatsuya Takahashi, founder of the Berlin spin-off of the Japanese firm Korg, unveiled an “acoustic synthesizer,” and while the device itself is quite interesting, I was particularly struck by the simple means by which he explained how its unique sound-producing technology functions: the Korg Berlin team printed up a bunch of paperback flip books, a page of which is shown above.

At about the 1:41 timecode in the video, Tats, as he’s called, compares the physical motion within this synthesizer to that of a ruler on the end of a desk being plucked and “bobbing up and down.” Each flip book shows a different frequency, beginning with the fundamental, the lowest one. When Tats shows the first overtone, the flip book displays how the “arms” of the element within the device move in a different way than they did for the fundamental, and so on. The synthesizer itself looks (and sounds) quite interesting, but the presentation is a testament to what a clear communicator Tats is. The interview is well worth watching. It’s just 12 minutes long.

Scratch Pad: Re-listening, RSS, Files

I do this manually each Saturday, usually in the morning over coffee: collating most of the little comments I’ve made on social media, which I think of as my public scratch pad, during the preceding week (or in this case, the past two weeks). These days that mostly means post.lurk.org (Mastodon).

▰ You know you like a record when a week after you filed the review, the day after you signed off on edits and it’s been published, you put it right back on and listened to it again.

▰ New Gareth Edwards (Rogue One, Monsters, Godzilla) movie, The Creator, with a sentient machine ringing a village warning bell? Sign me up.

▰ Why would one go to the trouble of making and maintaining a blog and yet not give it an RSS feed?

▰ Ever have one of those days when you get not just confused but unnerved by the theoretical location-ness of a computer file: is it being in Dropbox on your laptop meaningfully different from it being in iCloud on your laptop, and if it’s “in” iCloud then how about in iCloud versus in a folder of a specific app within iCloud on your laptop; and if you’re editing a PDF, are you editing the PDF or a copy; and if you’re listening to an MP3, are you listening to the file or to a copy of the file loaded into memory? I was playing a YouTube video when the wifi went out, and the video still played because it had been cached in advance after I hit play. There are days when all of this is invisible, and then there are days when each digital footstep is cause for trepidation.

Listening Back to American Graffiti

I wrote about Walter Murch’s legacy and worldizing for JSTOR Daily

I wrote for the daily publication of JSTOR.org about Walter Murch and the sonic aspects of George Lucas’ American Graffiti in advance of the movie’s 50th anniversary, which comes ’round this coming August. (This article was published on Tuesday, at daily.jstor.org, a day after Pitchfork published my review of Oval’s superb new album, Romantiq — so, it’s been a pretty fun week.) 

One great thing about writing for JSTOR is that any articles I cite are automatically de-paywalled, and this slate of articles (listed at the bottom of the piece) includes an excellent interview Michael Jarrett did with Murch many years ago. My editor at JSTOR even put together a Spotify playlist of tracks from the movie, though of course those versions don’t include the spatial processing that Murch employed.

Here are the first two paragraphs of my article, which is titled “The Sonic Triumph of American Graffiti”:

Almost a half century ago, American Graffiti, directed by George Lucas, hit the big screen. Sandwiched between the quiet THX 1138 (1971) and the blockbuster Star Wars (1977), Lucas’s second feature peered back a decade earlier, taking place at the tail end of the summer of 1962. The movie is filled with images of an era already experienced as bygone — roller-skating diner waitresses, souped-up jalopies cruising the streets — and, just as critically, with its sounds. The latter were accomplished thanks largely to Walter Murch (“Sound Montage and Re-recording,” the opening credits state opaquely), who helped revolutionize the role of sound in film. Age thirty at the time of its release, Murch had just completed similar work on The Godfather, directed by American Graffiti producer Francis Ford Coppola, and would soon move on to Coppola’s The Conversation. Born and raised in New York City, Murch fell in with the California movie mavericks during graduate school at USC.

Nearly twenty years after American Graffiti’s release, literary critic Fredric Jameson, in 1991, singled it out as a central example of what he termed “nostalgia films,” citing it as nothing less than the “inaugural film of this new aesthetic discourse.” The movie’s fiftieth anniversary — this August — provides an opportunity to look back, just as Lucas’s movie itself did.

You can read the full article (no paywall) at daily.jstor.org.

One thing I didn’t get into in the JSTOR article is the difference between “diegetic” and “non-diegetic” sound. Something I wrestle with when writing about concepts is how to best employ the language that has developed to encapsulate those concepts. Sometimes it helps to just write about the concepts, because language intended to clarify can, in fact, obfuscate. I felt that focusing on “worldizing” (see the article for an explanation), a word that is central to my piece, let me do just that: focus. Now I can back up a bit and note that “diegetic” sound is, in essence, sound that happens as if it was emitted on or just off-screen, whereas “non-diegetic” sound is sound that is apart from what happens on-screen. Movie (and television) sound is often at its best when the difference between the “diegetic” sound and the “non-diegetic” sound is blurred. This is the case throughout American Graffiti when the editor moves between a Platonic ideal of a song (pristine as a movie theater or living room TV might allow) and the way that song would sound in the context of the scene where it is playing, say on an AM radio just as Ron Howard’s Steve Bolander and Cindy Williams’ Laurie Henderson are about to make out. 

One gauge of how remarkable the role of sound was in the film is how unprepared film criticism was, at the time, to note let alone analyze its sonic components. Michael Dempsey’s review in Film Quarterly at the time barely mentions the music, except as part of the overall setting.

And three more notes, not related to sound:

  1. There is so much Star Wars (or proto–Star Wars) in American Graffiti, the film George Lucas completed just prior to Star Wars (or what we now call Star Wars: A New Hope). In particular, there is a scene with Williams’ Henderson sitting next to Harrison Ford where their bickering (goody two-shoes versus rake) is a blueprint for what would constitute the relationship between Princess Leia and Han Solo. And such influence would continue for decades. There’s a moment between Paul Le Mat’s John Milner and Mackenzie Phillips’ Carol when Milner gives Carol the exact sort of thing that, in the TV series The Mandalorian, Din Djarin gives Grogu (colloquially “Baby Yoda”). Also, the scene I mention in the article where Richard Dreyfuss’ Curt Henderson sabotages a police car has been replicated in Star Wars.
  2. While I identified many of the actors from the film in the JSTOR article, I couldn’t find a natural way to note that the idealized blonde woman in the Thunderbird is, in fact, Suzanne Somers. Like so many actors in the film, she went on to fame, but unlike many there was nothing retro about where she was headed, nor did the character she play in the film really connect with the wonderfully goofy Chrissy Snow she would, for lack of a better word, embody on the sitcom Three’s Company. But that is her.
  3. To this day, I experience cognitive dissonance when I look at the above poster that the late Mort Drucker drew for the film because, unlike his work in Mad, it’s completely un-ironic. It’s not a parody. It’s straightforward, though his wit is still evident. 

Sorry those last few notes are off-topic, sound-wise, but they’re fun and I wanted to share them. As with so much writing, the material that didn’t make the published article was longer than the article itself.

Disquiet Junto Project 0594: Threemix

The Assignment: Remix an asynchronously produced trio.

Each Thursday in the Disquiet Junto music community, a new compositional challenge is set before the group’s members, who then have just over four days to upload a track in response to the assignment. Membership in the Junto is open: just join and participate. (A SoundCloud account is helpful but not required.) There’s no pressure to do every project. It’s weekly so that you know it’s there, every Thursday through Monday, when you have the time and interest.

Deadline: This project’s deadline is the end of the day Monday, May 22, 2023, at 11:59pm (that is, just before midnight) wherever you are. It was posted on Thursday, May 18, 2023.

Tracks are added to the SoundCloud playlist for the duration of the project. Additional (non-SoundCloud) tracks appear in the lllllll.co discussion thread.

These following instructions went out to the group’s email list (at tinyletter.com/disquiet-junto).

Disquiet Junto Project 0594: Threemix
The Assignment: Remix an asynchronously produced trio.

Please note: While this is an immediate, follow-on sequel to the recent three-part project “trios” sequence, you can participate even if you haven’t previously.

Also: Please post just one track for this weekly Junto project. If you choose to post more than one, and do so on SoundCloud, please let me know which you’d like added to the playlist. 

Step 1: You’re going to make a remix of a track from the most recent Disquiet Junto project, which was a collection of trios constructed over the course of three weeks. Listen through the playlist, and check out any additional tracks in the discussion forum:

https://llllllll.co/t/disquiet-junto-project-0593-the-charm/

https://soundcloud.com/disquiet/sets/disquiet-junto-project-0593

Step 2: You might elect to use some of the constituent parts of the series, so do seek out the solo and duet that led to your chosen trio and feel free to employ those, too. Check out the respective llllllll.co threads:

https://llllllll.co/t/disquiet-junto-project-0591-the-loneliest-number/

https://llllllll.co/t/disquiet-junto-project-0592-better-than-one/

Eight Important Steps When Your Track Is Done:

Step 1: Include “disquiet0594” (no spaces or quotation marks) in the name of your tracks.

Step 2: If your audio-hosting platform allows for tags, be sure to also include the project tag “disquiet0594” (no spaces or quotation marks). If you’re posting on SoundCloud in particular, this is essential to subsequent location of tracks for the creation of a project playlist.

Step 3: Upload your tracks. It is helpful but not essential that you use SoundCloud to host your tracks.

Step 4: Post your track in the following discussion thread at llllllll.co:

https://llllllll.co/t/disquiet-junto-project-0594-threemix/

Step 5: Annotate your track with a brief explanation of your approach and process.

Step 6: If posting on social media, please consider using the hashtag #DisquietJunto so fellow participants are more likely to locate your communication.

Step 7: Then listen to and comment on tracks uploaded by your fellow Disquiet Junto participants.

Step 8: Also join in the discussion on the Disquiet Junto Slack. Send your email address to [email protected] for Slack inclusion.

Note: Please post one track for this weekly Junto project. If you choose to post more than one, and do so on SoundCloud, please let me know which you’d like added to the playlist. Thanks.

Additional Details:

Length: The length is up to you.

Deadline: This project’s deadline is the end of the day Monday, May 22, 2023, at 11:59pm (that is, just before midnight) wherever you are. It was posted on Thursday, May 18, 2023.

Upload: When participating in this project, be sure to include a description of your process in planning, composing, and recording it. This description is an essential element of the communicative process inherent in the Disquiet Junto. Photos, video, and lists of equipment are always appreciated.

Download: It is always best to set your track as downloadable and allowing for attributed remixing (i.e., a Creative Commons license permitting non-commercial sharing with attribution, allowing for derivatives).

For context, when posting the track online, please be sure to include this following information:

More on this 594th weekly Disquiet Junto project, Threemix (The Assignment: Remix an asynchronously produced trio), at: https://disquiet.com/0594/

About the Disquiet Junto: https://disquiet.com/junto/

Subscribe to project announcements: https://tinyletter.com/disquiet-junto/

Project discussion takes place on llllllll.co: https://llllllll.co/t/disquiet-junto-project-0594-threemix/